The Impact of Taxes on Internet Purchase Behavior

No Longer a Tax Haven? The Impact of Taxes on Internet Purchase Behavior

Peng Huang (Georgia Institute of Technology) and Nicholas H. Lurie (Georgia Institute of Technology) published this study on September 2008.

Here is the Abstract:

Using the online transaction data of 88,814 U.S. households in 2006, we analyze how local tax rates affect online purchasing behavior. Although earlier survey-based research has found that consumers who live in high-tax localities are more likely to shop online, our transaction-based data show the opposite. We find that higher local tax rates are associated with lower online expenditures, reduced transaction frequency, and a lower probability of making an online purchase. A disaggregate analysis shows that increased sales tax does not significantly boost demand from tax avoiding retailers but significantly lowers demand for online retailers that collect tax. In addition online shoppers are more than twice as sensitive to tax as traditional store shoppers. Finally, we document that tax losses from Internet sales are more moderate than previously estimated.

Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1266432

E-Commerce and International Tax Planning

Carla Carnaghan ( University of Lethbridge) and Kenneth J. Klassen (University of Georgia) posted the paper "E-Commerce and International Tax Planning"

Here is the Abstract:

This paper investigates whether the increased flexibility afforded by e-commerce has allowed firms to increase their tax planning activities. We specifically address whether multinational firms that make greater use of e-commerce have greater sensitivity to tax incentives relative to firms making less use of e-commerce. Using proxies for e-commerce activity, we find that the relation between exports and tax incentives is increasing in the e-commerce measures.

Alternative tests of foreign tax expense and country-level trade activity corroborate the main test. This research is an important first step in understanding the larger impact of e-commerce on international tax planning behavior.

Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=557124 or DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.557124

International Tax Planning in the Age of Ict

Christoph Spengel (Centre for European Economic Research) and Anne Schäfer (Centre for European Economic Research) published the ZEW - Centre for European Economic Research Discussion Paper No. 04-027

entitled "International Tax Planning in the Age of Ict"

Abstract: The increased use of information and communication technologies (ICT) leads to new ways of doing business internationally. Nowadays, firm-specific intangible assets as well as services often constitute the most important factors for the creation of value. Besides, geographic distances tend to be less relevant. The main objective of international tax planning consists of minimising the effective tax rate of the whole company or group. In this paper, it is examined for several instruments of international tax planning whether new chances of minimising the effective tax rate emerge with the use of ICT and to what extent new risks occur.

The analysis comprises the (re)location of a company's residence, the (re)allocation of functions and risks, the implementation of a transfer pricing system, the choice of the form and location of investments abroad as well as hybrid forms of co-operation. For each instrument, both current and non-current tax issues are considered. We conclude that, due to ICT, it is easier to make use of the international tax differential by choosing the optimal location and form of investment and by allocating functions and risks. Thus, companies can pay more attention to the tax-optimal choice between international locations and the importance of this instrument to reduce the effective tax rate is further strengthened by the use of ICT.

Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=552061 or DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.552061